延伸阅读（英语版）
Ma Zhiyuan
The old tree of the withered vine, the little bridge, the west wind and the thin horse. The sun is setting and the man is at the end of the world.
Appreciation:
This first poem only five other 28 words, language is very would have huge capacity, a few pen is paint a picture of a sad mood of 4 "the wanderer to map", incisively and vividly conveys wandering there heart roaming.
The picture consists of two parts:
One, by carefully selected groups can represent the landscape of the autumn scenery of the twilight;
Two, express the innermost feelings of the heart endless pain and walk alone in the end of the world.
The first picture, a total of 18 word nine nouns, during which there is no function, has abundant natural smooth and emphasizing, the author with skillful artistry, let nine different scenery mu under radiance of the setting sun, like a film camera with the technique of "montage" in front of us in turn to present, just put the reader into late autumn season, a few root dry vine wrapped around a few withered and yellow leaves of bald trees, in the autumn wind rustling the se se shiver, jackdaws dots in the sky, sound moan... Write a piece of bleak autumn scenery, create a kind of sad and desolate atmosphere, foil the author's inner woe. We can imagine that the daze can still have the old tree to return, while the wandering son is adrift, there is a family hard to return, in the meantime should be how sad and helpless ah! Next, there was a small bridge, a gurgling water, and a small courtyard of a farmhouse that had a small smoke from the kitchen. This kind of bucolic scene that has a person to reside in the meantime is so quiet and sweet, comfortable and carefree. All this, the wandering wandering mind can't help thinking of the small Bridges, flowing water and loved ones in their hometown. Here, it is sad to write a sad feeling in the music scene, in the way of the wandering of the village, the heart of the helpless guest.
In the second picture, we can see, in the bleak autumn wind, in the lonely road, wandering through the nostalgia is riding a delayed return of thin horse, flourished in deep twilight from far away. At this point, the setting sun is sinking, and the darkness XieHui, this is a birds nest, the sheep cattle back into the circle, person home reunion moment, while the wanderer is still "heartbroken people in the end of the world", at this moment, I liked this, wandering wandering elsewhere in the face of such a bleak and desolate scene, how can not sad to, how can not tore heart crack lung, cannot fail to heart grieved! A wandering heart in the autumn wind with blood...
A very short song, which expresses the inexpressible connotation, vividly depicts the sad and pathless inner world of the wandering world, giving people an impressive artistic feeling. Let a man read it and feel bitter, and chant it and feel his heart. Reading this song without tears is not clear.
This first poem is to obtain such a high praise, on the one hand, because it is painted a wonderful autumn outlook figure, appear to be real tianya reduced people's loneliness and sorrow of love, emotional appeal, though low, but it reflects the era of depressing atmosphere at the time, has certain social significance. On the other hand, it has high artistic achievements.
The obvious features are:
1. Simple and deep
Song yuzeng of the ancients used "one of the points is too long, subtract one is too short", to describe the beauty figure of the proper. The refinement of the written word "net of the sky" can also be said to achieve the degree to which it can no longer be added or reduced. Just five words as a whole, twenty eight words, no exaggeration, also not is because, pure with lyrics outline of such a vivid picture: late autumn evening, a wandering travel-stained, riding a thin horse, against the chilly westerly wind waves, walk alone on the road. He passed the old tree, which was covered with withered vines, and saw the raven, which was about to return to his nest, circling the tree-tops; He walked across the bridge over the stream, came to the door of the stream of a few families, when the sun went to bed soon myself but haven't find a place to stay, to meet him and will be a long night, can't help sadness, deeply grieved. Why did the wanderer float here? Where the hell is he going? These words are meant to be imagined by the reader himself. This little order, indeed, is a good word for Jane, with little success. The first three sentences of the small order, eighteen words, wrote the vine, the tree, the crow, the bridge, the water, the house, the road, the wind, the horse nine kinds of things, one word, one word, the word is a word, really is "the close to the gold". However, concise and do not humble, name nine things before respectively as withered, old, faint, small, flow, such as people, ancient, west, thin performance characteristics of their respective modifiers, make all things with distinctive personality, make originally unrelated things again, in the autumn dusk shrouded, desolate, form a continuum. The author does not write about these things, nor does he write about the relationship between these things and the activities of the wandering, but the reader can imagine and connect them closely. The simplicity reveals deep.
2. The quiet and the moving scenery
The artistic effect of "net sandakan" is also effective in the successful application of the set of techniques. The writer put many things at the same time into a relatively independent images, thus forming dynamic and static, bright and dark, and the effect of the background and main body: "water" in the dynamic, and the "bridge" "people" in the static set each other off, more show environment quiet; "West wind" and "ancient road" photograph, make the road more see desolate; In the picture of the autumn scene outlined by the author, one side is the withered vine, the old tree, the daze is in the autumn wind and the gray, one is the sunset afterglow to the withered vine, the old tree, the daze is painted a golden color; "Small bridge water family", the scene that presents a faction is elegant, comfortable, with the wandering son that fall in a foreign country photograph, make "cut intestines person" more add sadness. From the whole composition, the first four pictures and the last sentence. But the person is the subject, the scene is the background of the person activity, write the background adequately, the main body is foil to come out. This is the great use of each other.
The scenery is in harmony with love
Will and poetry. This small order aims to express the sad feelings of people in the end of the world. But people's thoughts and feelings are abstract things, difficult to express. The writer USES the traditional method of sending affection in the writing of things, and depicts this sad and sad feeling to the best. Dry vine, old trees, the faint crow, west wind, thin horses, the setting sun, these tangible things perceptible, has obvious late autumn colors, with invisible abstract bitterness of love, there are similarities, with the intangible tangible performance, make the person feels your specific and vivid. Just as "ask how many worries can you have? Just like a spring waters flow east ", "sorrow" and "water" in this connection, the authors borrow river, yu sorrow, is "like", both in the east river flow of the scene, express infinite sorrow, very deep. Natural scenery was no emotions, but when the poet put these into the aesthetic understanding of objective things and feelings, these things will be given the feelings of colors, blend into the thoughts and feelings of the people. "Small bridge flowing water somebody else", but is extremely common ordinary scenery, but when it with "heartbroken people in the end of the world" in a picture, it is no longer isolated scenery, and became the "heartbroken" heartbreak heartbroken triggers, make picture bring sad atmosphere. This is the reason why the so-called "emotion is revealed by the scene". "The sky net sand autumn si" is the scene of the scene, the scene, the wonderful and the unmarked masterpiece.
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