篇四：ZigBee路由协议分析及仿真实现_毕业论文
摘要
作为无线传感器网络（WSN Wireless Sensor Networks）的一项新型技术，ZigBee技术具有低功耗、低速率、低延时、低成本等特性，具有强大的组网能力和超大的网络容量，可以广泛应用在消费电子产品、家居与楼宇自动化、工业控制、医疗设备等领域。由于其独有的特性，ZigBee无线技术也是无线传感器网络的首先技术，具有广阔的发展前景。ZigBee协议标准采用开放系统接口（0SI）分层结构，其中物理层和媒体接入层由IEEE802.15.4工作小组制定，而网络层，安全层和应用框架层由ZigBee联盟制定。
本文根据IEEE802.15.4标准规范与ZigBee标准规范，简单扼要地阐述了ZigBee协议栈的协议栈架构，重点讲解了ZigBee网络层树路由和网状网路由。然后讲解了NS2网络仿真软件的工作原理，详细介绍了仿真环境的搭建和仿真分析的过程。通过对CLUSTER-TREE路由算法和AODVjr路由算法在不同发包间隔下的平均延时、丢包率和控制包数量模拟，获得仿真结果。
关 键字：NS2，ZigBee，CLUSTER-TREE，AODVjr
Abstract
As a WSN(Wireless Sensor network), a new technology, ZigBee technology with low power consumption, low speed, low latency, low cost features, is a powerful networking capabilities and large network capacity, and can be widely used in consumer electronics, home and building automation, industrial control, medical equipment and other fields.Because of its unique properties, ZigBee wireless technology is the first technology of wireless sensor network, has a broad development prospects.ZigBee protocol standard using open system interface (OSI) hierarchical structure, including the physical layer and the media access layer shall be formulated by the IEEE802.15.4 working group, and the network layer, security and application framework layer shall be formulated by the ZigBee alliance.
In this paper, based on IEEE802.15.4 standard specification and ZigBee standards, briefly expounds the simple ZigBee protocol stack protocol stack architecture, focusing on the ZigBee network layer routing and mesh networks by the tree.Then explained the working principle of NS2 network simulation software, introduces in detail the process of the construction of the simulation environment and simulation analysis.Routing algorithm based on CLUSTER - TREE and AODVjr routing algorithm under different contract awarding interval average delay, packet loss rate and the control packet number simulation, the simulation results.
KEYWORDS: NS2，ZigBee，CLUSTER-TREE，AODVjr
目录
摘要 ...................................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ..............................................................................................................................................II 目录 ................................................................................................................................................... III
1 绪论 .................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 背景介绍 ................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 课程设计环境和工作内容 ..........................................................................................
.............. 1
2 ZigBee技术及仿真软件介绍 .......................................................................................................... 3
2.1 ZigBee技术概述 ........................................................................................................................ 3
2.2 ZigBee协议栈架构 .................................................................................................................... 3
2.3 ZigBee网络层路由协议 ............................................................................................................ 5
2.3.1 ZigBee支持的网络拓扑 ..................................................................................................... 5
2.3.2 ZigBee网络编址方式 ......................................................................................................... 6
2.3.3 ZigBee网络路由算法介绍 ................................................................................................. 6
2.4 NS2网络仿真软件介绍 ............................................................................................................ 7
2.4.1 NS2软件概述 ..................................................................................................................... 7
2.4.2 trace文件格式介绍 ............................................................................................................. 8
3 仿真环境搭建过程 ........................................................................................................................ 10
3.1 Fedora 21安装过程 ................................................................................................................. 10
3.2 NS2的安装过程 ...................................................................................................................... 18
3.3 NS2中添加ZBR路由协议的过程 ......................................................................................... 21
3.3.1 协议底层文件................................................................................................................... 21
3.3.2 需要修改的文件 ............................................................................................................... 21
3.3.3 需要修改的具体内容 ....................................................................................................... 22
3.3.4 编译 .................................................................................................................................. 27
3.3.5 测试脚本 .......................................................................................................................... 27
3.4 gnuplot的安装 ......................................................................................................................... 27
3.5 本章小结 ................................................................................................................................. 27
4 仿真过程与仿真结果分析 ............................................................................................................ 28
4.1 使用NS2进行模拟的基本流程............................................................................................. 28
4.2 星型拓扑环境搭建和模拟 ...................................................................................................... 29
4.2.1 任务分析 .......................................................................................................................... 29
4.2.2 编写Tcl脚本 ................................................................................................................... 29
4.2.3 执行模拟 .......................................................................................................................... 34
4.2.4 修改路由算法................................................................................................................... 34
4.2.5 再次执行模拟................................................................................................................... 35
4.3 星型拓扑仿真结果分析.......................................................................................................... 35
4.3.1 gawk工具介绍 .................................................................................................................. 35
4.3.2 传输延时 .......................................................................................................................... 37
4.3.3 丢包率 .............................................................................................................................. 38
4.3.4 控制包数量....................................................................................................................... 39
4.4 树形拓扑环境的搭建和执行 .................................................................................................. 40
4.4.1 任务分析 .......................................................................................................................... 40
4.4.2 编写Tcl脚本 ................................................................................................................... 40
4.4.3 执行模拟 .......................................................................................................................... 45
4.4.4 修改路由算法................................................................................................................... 45
4.4.5 再次执行模拟................................................................................................................... 46
4.5 树形拓扑仿真结果分析.......................................................................................................... 46
4.5.1 平均延时 .......................................................................................................................... 46
4.5.2 丢包率 .............................................................................................................................. 47
4.5.3 控制包数量....................................................................................................................... 48
4.6 本章小结 ................................................................................................................................. 49
5 总结和展望 .................................................................................................................................... 50
5.1 总结 ......................................................................................................................................... 50
5.2 展望 ......................................................................................................................................... 50
参考文献 ............................................................................................................................................ 51
致谢 .................................................................................................................................................... 52
1 绪论
1.1 背景介绍
随着科技的发展、文明的进步，人类对于信息的需求也日益增大，推广了信息的蓬勃发展。近年来，以移动通信和计算机技术为代表的信息技术更是进步飞速、普及广泛，在1997年6月IEEE通过了IEEE802.11标准及1998年IEEE802.15工作组成立以后，无线通信技术的发展更是如虎添翼、日新月异，其中孕育了大量的无线通信技术，如蓝牙技术（Bluetooth）、无线超宽带技术（UWB，Ultra Wideband）、无线高保真技术（Wi-Fi，Wireless Fidelity）、紫蜂技术（ZigBee）等等，将无线通信技术带入了一个全新的阶段，而像手机、蓝牙、宽带卫星等技术已经深入地应用到了人类社会生活的各个方面。
无线传感器网络是由大量分布在一个监控区域内的具有无线传输功能的传感器节点所组成的面向查询任务的无线自助网络。WSN将无线通信技术、传感器技术、网络技术、分布式计算技术、嵌入式信息处理技术等多种现代科学发张的高尖端技术领域融合在一起，传感器节点通常由传感器、微处理器、存储单元、电源、射频芯片等几个主要模块组成，但被设计成不同的类型，在网络中起不同的作用，接受查询任务时他们协同起来共同工作，完成对目标数据的采集、融合处理和无线传输，并通过网络使得远处的监测者获得所需数据信息。
无线传感网络感念一经出现，就引起了国际学术界的广泛关注。2003年2月，美国玛萨诸塞理工学院的《技术评论》杂志将WSN评为改变未来世界的十大技术之一。同年在美国《商业周刊》的―未来技术‖专版中，专家认为传感器网络能够跟踪各种动态事务，能够极大扩充互联网功能，而将无线传感网络技术预测为全球未来的高新技术产业之一。
1.2 课程设计环境和工作内容
? 硬件环境：
电脑型号：Lenovo Z465笔记本
处理器：AMD Phenom(tm) II P960 Quad-Core Processor 1.8GHz
安装内存：5.00GB
? 软件环境：
系统：windows7 64位操作系统
软件：VMWare Workstation 10.0.1；
Fedora 21 Workstation；
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