通过对大概320位年龄在8岁到3岁之间的小孩的采访，鹿特丹大学（Erasmus University Rotterdam）的彼得·缪里斯（Peter Muris）及其同事发现，孩子们也把克服恐惧等同视为勇敢的表现，超过70%的调查对象声称自己进行了一或多项勇敢的行为，包括搭救跌落泳池的小弟弟，拯救树上的一个小猫咪，晚上穿越树林骑车回家，以及从妈妈钱包里偷东西——是的，这些都会令心跳加速，好吧。
Joel Berger, a biologist with the Wildlife Conservation Society and the University of Montana, also distinguishes between animals that behave boldly for lack of experience — like mockingbirds unfamiliar with humans that will alight on the rim of a person's cup to take a drink — and those that are aware of a danger but proceed in the face of it.
乔尔·博格（Joel Berger），野生动物保护协会及蒙大拿大学的一位生物学家，也把缺乏经验而行为大胆的动物区分出来——像不熟悉人类的嘲鸟会飞落到某人杯子的边缘喝上一口——而那些意识到危险的则会弃之不顾继续飞行。
He cited the time he and his colleagues had immobilized a young bison in preparation for taking blood samples, and when they returned, an unrelated adult male bison was standing guard over the yearling, refusing to let the scientists approach.
他举了一个例子，某次自己和同事固定住一头年轻的野牛，准备采血样，当他们回来的时候，一头不相干的成年雄性野牛却守卫在小牛的周围，拒绝让科学家靠近。
"He knew that he could be attacked by us, and there was no genetic kinship involved," said Dr. Berger. "Courage may be a human construct, but I'd call this a courageous, even heroic act."
"它知道自己有可能被我们攻击，而且它们之间也没有遗传的亲缘关系"，博格说："勇敢也许是人类行为，但是我会把这一举动称为有胆量、甚至是英勇行为"。
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